▾Dictionary Chinese-English Under construction
▾External sources (not reviewed)
此 外，应当加大努力，制定一项全球战略，将发展层面优先纳入全球进程和有关 多边机构，以使发展中国家能够从全球化 和 贸 易 自 由化所提供的机会中获益， 包括通过为发展创造一个有利的外部经济环境，这要求国 际 贸 易 、 货币和金融 体系之间加强一致性，使之具有普遍、开放、平等、非胁迫性、基于规则、可 预测和非歧视性。 daccess-ods.un.org
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In addition, greater efforts must be made to generate a global strategy to prioritise and mainstream the development dimension into global processes, and in the relevant multilateral institutions in order to enable developing countries to benefit from the
[...]
opportunities offered by
[...]
globalisation and trade liberalisation, including through the creation of an enabling external economic environment for development which requires greater coherence between the international trading, monetary and [...]
financial systems that
[...]
should be universal, open, equitable, non-coercive, rule-based, predictable and non-discriminatory.
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这包括：兴建中的若开邦首府实兑附近
[...]
的印度洋海域深海港口以及平行公路、高速铁路、
[...]
石油管道和天然气管道，这将建起一个缅甸通往中 国西南部内陆省份的能源和贸易走 廊；加叻丹多式 运输项目（Kaladan [...]
multi-modal project）将在印度 洋和印度东部沿海地区之间、印度洋和印度东北部
[...]
内陆地区之间建起一条交通走廊；以及达维发展项 目（Dawei Development Project），按照计划，该项 目将在缅甸南部修建一个大型工业区和一个现代化 深海港，以及连通泰国并进一步通至越南的公路和 铁路，这样可以从陆路将货物运送至泰国和越南， 比起经马六甲海峡的海路运输要少花好几天时间。
crisisgroup.org
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These include: a deep-sea port being constructed on the Indian Ocean near the Rakhine State capital of Sittwe, and parallel road, high-speed rail, and
[...]
oil and natural gas pipelines that will create
[...]
an energy and trade corridor to China’s [...]
landlocked south west; the Kaladan multi-modal
[...]
project that will create a transportation corridor between the Indian Ocean and India’s eastern seaboard and its landlocked north east; and the Dawei Development Project which, if completed according to plan, would include a large industrial estate and modern deep-sea port in the south, with road and rail links for transhipment of goods to Thailand and on to Vietnam, cutting several days off the sea route through the Straits of Malacca.
crisisgroup.org
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除在议程项目 3
[...]
下审议的共同文件外，经社会还收到 贸 易 和 投资委员 会第二届会议的报告(文件 [...]
E/ESCAP/68/6)、亚洲及太平洋技术转让中心理事 会第七届会议的报告(文件 E/ESCAP/68/7)、以及联合国亚洲及太平洋农业工 程和机械中心理事会第七届会议的报告(文件 E/ESCAP/68/8)。
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In addition to the common documents being considered under agenda item 3,
[...]
the Commission had before it the report of the
[...]
Committee on Trade and Investment [...]
on its second session (E/ESCAP/68/6), the
[...]
report of the Governing Council of the Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology on its seventh session (E/ESCAP/68/7) and the report of the Governing Council of the United Nations Asian and Pacific Centre for Agricultural Engineering and Machinery on its seventh session (E/ESCAP/68/8).
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截至 2011 年 6 月 27 日，联合国 国际贸易法 委员会将由下列成员国组成：阿尔及利亚、阿根廷、亚美尼亚、澳 [...]
大利亚、奥地利、巴林、贝宁、多民族玻利维亚国、博茨瓦纳、巴西、保加利 亚、喀麦隆、加拿大、智利、中国、哥伦比亚、捷克共和国、埃及、萨尔瓦
[...]
多、斐济、法国、加蓬、格鲁吉亚、德国、希腊、洪都拉斯、印度、伊朗伊斯 兰共和国、以色列、意大利、日本、约旦、肯尼亚、拉脱维亚、马来西亚、马 耳他、毛里求斯、墨西哥、摩洛哥、纳米比亚、尼日利亚、挪威、巴基斯坦、 巴拉圭、菲律宾、波兰、大韩民国、俄罗斯联邦、塞内加尔、新加坡、南非、 西班牙、斯里兰卡、泰国、土耳其、乌干达、乌克兰、大不列颠及北爱尔兰联 合王国、美利坚合众国、委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国。
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As at 27 June 2011, the United Nations Commission
[...]
on International Trade Law will be composed [...]
of the following member States: Algeria,
[...]
Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Benin, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Czech Republic, Egypt, El Salvador, Fiji, France, Gabon, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Honduras, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Latvia, Malaysia, Malta, Mauritius, Mexico, Morocco, Namibia, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Senegal, Singapore, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of America and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of).
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与会者指出，由于这个地区缺乏科学技术，而且其它地区日趋通过专利体系和其它多 边协议（如世贸组织 ）对科技知识进行“垄断”，他们建议教科文组织应该制定措施促进知 识的转让和共享，特别是以各种语言提供的科研成果。 unesdoc.unesco.org
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Pointing to a lack of scientific expertise in the region and a movement towards “monopolization” of scientific knowledge by other regions through patent systems and other multilateral agreements (such as WTO), participants suggested that UNESCO should put in place measures to facilitate transfer and sharing of knowledge, particularly the results of scientific research in various languages. unesdoc.unesco.org
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实际上，即使气温和雨量
[...]
发生小小的变化，也会改变谷类、纤维和饮料作物以及水果的质量，结果也会影 响到它们的价格和贸易。 daccess-ods.un.org
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Indeed, even small changes in temperature and rainfall could
[...]
generate changes on the quality of cereals, fibre and beverage crops and fruits with consequences
[...]
on their prices and trade. daccess-ods.un.org
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一些具体意见如下：食品安全是通用概念，因此，正如第 4.2 条里所规定的，在是 否允许出口国出口不符合国家立法食品方面应该一视同仁；让缺少监控系统的国家执行 法典的问题应予以阐明；当前的文本可能与所制定的食典原则及所利用的国家规章制度 相抵触；在商业交易和食品援助与捐赠方面，同等待遇的道德守则应更加明确；文本里 的一些规定可能与世界贸易组 织的规定相反。 codexalimentarius.org
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A number of specific comments were made as follows: the concept of food safety is universal, thus there should be no exception, as presently in Article 4.2, allowing exporting countries to export food, which does not comply with its national legislation; the issue of implementation of the Code, especially by countries lacking a control system, should be clarified; the present text may contradict some of the principles of Codex insofar as they establish and draw upon national regulatory frameworks; the ethics of equal treatment in terms of commercial transactions and food aid and donations should be made clearer; and some of the provisions in the text may be contrary to WTO provisions. codexalimentarius.org
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妇女在国会中的代
[...]
表性不足、妇女部门被边缘化和对妇女的暴力问题仍然是妇女面临的挑战， 此外还有气候变化、减少灾害、贸易 与 经济发展等更广泛的挑战。 daccess-ods.un.org
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The lack of women’s representation in parliament, marginalization of women’s departments and violence against women continued to be
[...]
challenges for women along with the broad challenges of climate change,
[...]
disaster reduction, trade and economic [...]
development.
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加勒比共同体国家正力图加强与其它中美洲和南美 洲 贸 易 集 团的经济纽带，以便抵 销多边竞争活动近来造成的变化。 unesdoc.unesco.org
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CARICOM countries are seeking to strengthen economic ties and trading relations with other trading blocks in Central and South America to offset the recent changes in the multilateral arena. unesdoc.unesco.org
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许多代表团支持制定一项全球标准，指出石榴的生产 和 贸 易 已 经扩展到近东以外 地区，由于许多国家对此商品越来越感兴趣，因而将有巨大的市场潜力。 codexalimentarius.org
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A number of delegations supported the
[...]
elaboration of a worldwide standard, noting that the
[...]
production and trade of pomegranate [...]
extended beyond the Near East Region and that
[...]
there would be significant market potential in view of growing interest in this commodity in many countries.
codexalimentarius.org
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此外，这种变化的速 度还将受到政府在国际贸易和 跨国投资领域的政策的影响。 daccess-ods.un.org
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In addition, the pace of the change will be affected by government policies in the areas of
[...]
international trade and cross-border [...]
investments.
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通过尽快处理货物和服务的市场准入问题，为农业 贸易提 供一个公平竞争环境，并重新平衡规则以便 [...]
为发展活动开辟政策空间，就可以向全球经济共同 体发出强有力的积极信号。
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Dealing with market access for goods and
[...]
services, providing a level playing field for
[...]
agricultural trade and rebalancing [...]
the rules to create policy space for development
[...]
activities as soon as possible would send a strong positive signal to the global economic community.
daccess-ods.un.org
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以下发言者作了发言：佩特科·德拉加诺夫先生 ， 贸 发 会 议副秘书长；古 巴代表，代表 77 国集团和中国发言；尼泊尔代表，代表最不发达国家发言；孟 [...]
加拉国代表，代表亚洲集团发言；埃及代表，代表非洲集团发言；比利时代表， 代表欧洲联盟发言；多米尼加共和国代表，代表拉丁美洲和加勒比国家集团发
[...]
言；美利坚合众国代表；中国代表；土耳其代表；莱索托代表；法国代表；埃 塞俄比亚代表；泰国代表；委内瑞拉玻利瓦尔共和国代表；也门代表；以及安 哥拉代表。
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The following speakers made statements: Mr. Petko Draganov, Deputy
[...]
Secretary-General of UNCTAD; the representative [...]
of Cuba, speaking on behalf of the Group
[...]
of 77 and China; the representative of Nepal, speaking on behalf of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs); the representative of Bangladesh, speaking on behalf of the Asian Group; the representative of Egypt, speaking on behalf of the African Group; the representative of Belgium, speaking on behalf of the European Union; the representative of the Dominican Republic, speaking on behalf of the Group of Latin American and Caribbean Countries (GRULAC); the representative of the United States of America; the representative of China; the representative of Turkey; the representative of Lesotho; the representative of France; the representative of Ethiopia; the representative of Thailand; the representative of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; the representative of Yemen; and the representative of Angola.
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当然，建立这样一个法律制度在 2001 年和 2005 年向前迈出了重要的一步，2001 年通过了联合国《从
[...]
各个方面防止、打击和消除小武器和轻武器非 法 贸易 的行动纲领》，2005 年又通过了《使各国能及时可靠 [...]
地查明和追踪非法小武器和轻武器的国际文书》。
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Of course, the establishment of such a legal regime took a major step forward in 2001 with the adoption of the United Nations
[...]
Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and
[...]
Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and [...]
Light Weapons in All Its Aspects, and in
[...]
2005 with the adoption of the International Instrument to Enable States to Identify and Trace, in a Timely and Reliable Manner, Illicit Small Arms and Light Weapons.
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经社会在总体上核可了“次级方案概述：与亚洲及太平洋包容性可持
[...]
续经济和社会发展相关的各种问题和挑战”中关 于 贸 易 和 投资的第二部分内 所载的各项相关建议(文件 [...]
E/ESCAP/68/2)。
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The Commission endorsed in general the recommendations as
[...]
contained in section II, trade and investment, of the [...]
subprogramme overview: Issues and
[...]
challenges related to inclusive and sustainable economic and social development in Asia and the Pacific (E/ESCAP/68/2).
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一些国家作出了相当大的努力，对最不发 达国家产品实行简单和透明的原产地规则，但其他严重 的 贸 易 障 碍依然存在，包 括有悖世界贸易组 织规则和义务的非关税壁垒，还有就是供应方面的制约因素， 特别是缺乏基础设施和现代技术，以及能源不足。 daccess-ods.un.org
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Some countries have or made considerable efforts to implement simple and transparent rules of origin for least developed country
[...]
products, but other serious
[...]
obstacles to trade remain, including non-tariff barriers that are inconsistent with World Trade Organization [...]
rules and obligations
[...]
and supply-side constraints, in particular lack of infrastructure and modern technologies and energy deficiency.
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6. 然而，如专家组在前两份最后报告(S/2010/596 和
[...]
S/2011/738)中所述，专 家组评估了在将前武装团体整编成国家安全部队，特别是刚果民主共和国武装部
[...]
队(刚果(金)武装部队)方面的挑战，并评估了安全部队内部的犯罪网络参与自然 资源的开采和贸易、 从而破坏矿业和安全部门改革工作的情况。 daccess-ods.un.org
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However, as established in its two previous final reports (S/2010/596 and S/2011/738), the Group evaluates the challenges related to the integration of former armed groups into the national security forces, notably the Forces armées de la République démocratique du Congo (FARDC), as well as the involvement of
[...]
criminal networks within security forces in the
[...]
exploitation and trade in natural resources, [...]
thus undermining mining industry and
[...]
security sector reform efforts.
daccess-ods.un.org
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选举委员会 的组成如下：国民议会任命的一名律师或一名合格公民担任主席；一名经合法政
[...]
党提名、国民议会任命的职业和道德品格高尚的公民；以及国民议会任命的一名 专家作为秘书，与负责外贸、地 方行政和社会交流的各政府部门联络。 daccess-ods.un.org
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The Electoral Commission is composed of an attorney or a qualified citizen appointed by the National Assembly who acts as president, a citizen of reputable professional and moral status appointed by the National Assembly upon proposals of each legally existing party and an expert appointed by the National Assembly who acts as
[...]
secretary for each of the governmental departments
[...]
responsible for foreign trade, local administration [...]
and social communication.
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这样不遵守规则的成本或其他限制过于巨大（包括对船和船队的制裁以及市场和 可能的贸易或 间接处罚），渔船、船队和捕鱼国可能会更快和更明确地回应。 fao.org
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Thus, where the costs or other constraints to non-compliance become too great (including
[...]
sanctions on vessels and fleets and markets,
[...]
and possible trade or indirect [...]
penalties), vessels, fleets and fishing nations
[...]
may respond more rapidly and definitively.
fao.org
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尼泊尔代表团要求秘书处帮助最不发达国家和内陆国家：开展关 于主要出口和进口产品的分析；采用单一窗口和开展无纸 化 贸 易 ，并 推动关于执行贸易和 过境便利化措施的公私营部门的对话；提供一个 讨论共同关切问题的平台，尤其将重点放在最不发达和内陆国家；促 进农业和林业产品的价值链，包括诸如“一个村庄一个产品”方案那 样的举措，以及就有机食品认证和动植物卫生检疫标准领域，传播相 关信息和提供能力建设援助；加入《亚 太 贸 易 协 定》；以及在总体上 援助制订适当的贸易和 投资政策的努力。 daccess-ods.un.org
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The delegation of Nepal requested that the secretariat help least developed and landlocked countries to conduct analyses on key export and import products;
[...]
introduce single windows
[...]
and paperless trade and the promotion of public-private sector dialogue on the implementation of trade and transit facilitation measures; provide a platform to discuss issues of common concern, paying particular attention to least developed and landlocked countries; promote value chains for agricultural and forestry products, including under initiatives such as “one village one product” programmes; and disseminate information and provide capacity-building assistance on the certification of organic foods and sanitary and phytosanitary standards, accession to APTA and overall assistance in the formulation of appropriate trade and investment [...]
policies.
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加拿大并不想就具体专题提出建议， 而只是就在拟议的“外向”做法下所可述及的一些分主题提出以下示范性实 例，同时铭记这些分主题的数目必须加以限定：犯罪、人权和法治（其中可包 括刑事司法在保护人权上的作用以及人权在司法系统中的作用，以及法治在这
[...]
两个方面所起的作用）；犯罪和国际和平、安全与重建（冲突后和灾后情况）； 犯罪与技术变革，包括网络犯罪以及有组织犯罪集团对技术的利用与将技术除
[...]
用于其他犯罪外还用于贩运；以及犯罪 和 贸 易 、 商业及全球经济（其中可涵盖 经济犯罪的一些具体方面并且可能还涵盖腐败）。 daccess-ods.un.org
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As Canada did not wish to suggest specific topics, it referred to the following indicative examples of sub-themes that could be addressed under the proposed “outward-looking” approach, bearing in mind that the number of sub-themes would have to be limited: crime, human rights and the rule of law (that would include both the role of criminal justice in protecting human rights and the role of human rights in the justice system, and the role of the rule of law in both); crime and international peace, security and reconstruction (post-conflict and post-disaster situations); crime and technological change, including cybercrime, as well as the use of technologies by organized criminal
[...]
groups and for trafficking, among other crimes;
[...]
and crime and trade, commerce and [...]
the global economy (that could cover specific
[...]
areas of economic crime and possibly corruption).
daccess-ods.un.org
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仍须把特殊和差别待遇列为多边贸易 体 制的一 个组成部分，以便使得发展中国家，尤其是经济上 处于最弱势地位的国家能够履行其承诺，并方便其 融入世界贸易。 daccess-ods.un.org
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Special and differential treatment must remain an
[...]
integral part of the
[...]
multilateral trading system in order to enable developing countries, in particular the most economically vulnerable, to fulfil their commitments and facilitate their integration in world trade. daccess-ods.un.org
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此外，许多代表团认为，由于持续存在限制性原产地规则 和非关税贸易壁 垒，例如标准和技术措施，加上严格的供应限制和有 关 贸 易 的 基 础设施赤字，最不发达国家无法充分利用更大程度市场准入所带来的好处。 daccess-ods.un.org
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In addition, many delegations expressed the view that the persistence of
[...]
restrictive rules of origin
[...]
and non-tariff trade barriers, such as standards and technical measures, as well as severe supply constraints and a trade-related infrastructure [...]
deficit, had
[...]
prevented least developed countries from fully harnessing the gains associated with greater market access.
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根据贸易统计数据，专家组在 2011 年的最后报告中估计，2010 年，仅通 [...]
过乌干达就可能有近 3 吨以违规方式交易的刚果民主共和国产黄金进入阿拉伯联 合酋长国的合法供应链(见 S/2011/738，第 553 段)。
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On the basis of trade statistics, the [...]
Group in its final report of 2011 estimated that in 2010 almost 3 tons of fraudulently
[...]
traded gold from the Democratic Republic of the Congo may have entered the legal supply chain of the United Arab Emirates through Uganda alone (see S/2011/738, para. 553).
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经讨论后，工作组商定，对该事项的进一步审议将 包括下列方面（A/CN.9/717，第 143 段）：㈠关于保护仲裁过程完整性的条文是 应当采用笼统措词的形式，还是应当载列意在具体指明的特定实例；㈡保护仲 裁过程完整性与《贸易法 委员会仲裁规则》关于此问题已有的规定之间的关 系；以及㈢如何根据保护仲裁过程完整性的需要确定透明度限制的门槛。 daccess-ods.un.org
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After discussion, the Working Group agreed that the questions for further consideration on that matter would include (A/CN.9/717, para. 143): (i) whether a provision on protection of the integrity of the arbitral process should be in the form of a general formulation or should contain specific instances that were meant to be specifically addressed; (ii) the interplay between the protection of the integrity of the arbitral process and the provisions in the UNCITRAL Arbitration Rules already dealing with that issue; and (iii) how to determine the threshold for a limitation to transparency based on the ground of the need to protect integrity of the arbitral process. daccess-ods.un.org
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执行委员会鼓励菲律宾通过其国家氟氯化碳逐步淘汰计划、持续监测以及提高公众 认识活动，继续推动在 2010 年全部淘汰附件 A 和附件 B 的物质；并推动各项政策的有效
[...]
执行工作，以减少消耗臭氧层物质非 法 贸 易 的 数量，并及早采取行动启动淘汰氟氯烃的活 动。 multilateralfund.org
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The Executive Committee encourages the Philippines to continue its path towards complete phase-out of Annex A and B substances in 2010 through completion of its national CFC phase-out plan, ongoing monitoring and public awareness raising activities; and, effective
[...]
enforcement of policies to reduce incidences
[...]
of illegal ODS trade, and early action [...]
to initiate activities for HCFC phase out.
multilateralfund.org
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由于小武器和轻武器非法流动造成全世界各种 危机和冲突加剧，联合国于 2001 年 7 月在纽约组织 了专门讨论这一问题的第一次会议，导致通过了《联
[...]
合国审查从各个方面防止、打击和消除小武器和轻武 器非法贸易的行动纲领》。 daccess-ods.un.org
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Because of the various crises and conflicts throughout the world exacerbated by the illicit flow of small arms and light weapons, the United Nations organized, in New York in July 2001, the first Conference devoted to this question, which led to the adoption of the United Nations
[...]
Programme of Action to Prevent, Combat and
[...]
Eradicate the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and [...]
Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.
daccess-ods.un.org
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在这方面，该代表团认
[...]
为，委员会应探索今后与联合国其他机构开展合作的方式，这些机构包括联合 国工业发展组织（工发组织）、联合 国 贸 易 和 发展会议 （ 贸 发 会 议）、联合国环 境规划署（环境规划署）和经济及社会理事会科学和技术促进发展委员会，从 [...]
而找到如何使空间技术促进实现千年发展目标以及实现各会员国在联合国可持
[...]
续发展大会（“里约+20”）结束时所作政治承诺可能产生的任何未来发展目标的 方法。
daccess-ods.un.org
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In that context, that delegation was of the view that the Committee should explore ways to cooperate in the future with other United Nations bodies, such as the United Nations Industrial Development Organization
[...]
(UNIDO), the United Nations
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Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations [...]
Environment Programme (UNEP)
[...]
and the Commission on Science and Technology for Development of the Economic and Social Council, in order to find ways in which space technology could contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and any future development targets that might result from political commitments undertaken by Member States upon the conclusion of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20).
daccess-ods.un.org
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为帮助贸易法 委员会开展工作，秘书处要做许多事情，包括就考 虑将来可能列入工作方案的事项起草研究报告、报告和案文草案；开 展法律研究；起草和修订有关已列入工作方案事项的工作文件和立法 案文；编写委员会和工作组会议报告；以及 为 贸 易 法 委员会及其工作 组提供多种行政服务。 uncitral.org
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To assist the work of UNCITRAL, the secretariat undertakes a variety of different tasks, which includes preparation of studies, reports and draft texts on topics that are being considered for possible future inclusion in the work programme; legal research; drafting and revision of working papers and legislative texts on topics already included in the work programme; reporting on Commission and working group meetings; and providing a range of administrative services to UNCITRAL and its working groups. uncitral.org
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