An apparatus for detecting a target substance in a pixel array is provided. The apparatus has a light source to emit a light suitable for exciting the target substance in the array, a total internal reflection (TIR) member, and a light detector. The TIR member has a TIR surface on which the array is...http://www.google.com.hk/patents/US5633724?utm_source=gb-gplus-share專利 US5633724 - Evanescent scanning of biochemical array
